In the Roman Republic, the consul had many of the same powers as our President does today. First, the were both elected into the office and both served relatively short terms compared to the senators. Next, both hold the power of commander in chief during times of war and held administrative, judicial, and municipal powers during times of peace. Finally and most importantly they both held the power to veto.
2. Aedile and Mayors
In the Roman Republic, the office of Aedile was very comparable to todays local office of mayors. Aedile were responsible for the maintenance of public buildings and regulate public festivals. Mayors in various cities are also responsible for both of these jobs and are often seen at these festivals or passing city ordinances to fix problems with public areas of the city. Finally and most important, both of these offices hold the power over public safety such as the event of a riot or other situation that requires authority.
3. Praetors and the Joint Chiefs of Staff
In the Roman Republic, Praetors were often military leaders that held some diplomatic power, or were just diplomats. In the military sense they compare rather nicely to today's Joint Chiefs of Staff that are also top military leaders that are involved in some diplomatic procedures.
4. Senate
In the Roman Republic, the Senate shared many similarities with our Senate, but also many differences. The first difference I could find was that the Roman Senate was presided over by a consul, while the U.S. Senate is not presided over by a significant official that compares to a consul. The second difference was that the Roman Senate could meet anywhere inside or outside of the city while the U.S. Senate meets in the same place every time.
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